The third is the Venezuelan crisis, which generates internal and regional tensions. The massive flow of emigrants and exiles, in particular to Colombia and other South American countries, is accompanied by a growing confrontation between the government of Nicolás Maduro and others in the region, especially with his Colombian counterpart and with the General Secretariat of the Organization of American States (OAS). The conflict has also become internationalized.
The United States, Russia and China compete over this country. The European Union tries to mediate and Norway has led the facilitation of the dialogue process between the government and the opposition during 2019. Citizen diplomacy mechanisms are currently being used in B2B Fax Database Colombia and Venezuela. In October 2019, Puentes Colombia-Venezuela (PCCV) was launched, a citizen proposal to strengthen ties between the two nations and multiply initiatives in the border areas, in favor of a negotiated solution between Venezuelans, strengthen the binational relationship and support peace In colombia.
Two binational citizen dialogues have already been held in November 2019 and in Cúcuta (Colombia) in January 2020. Each of these challenges requires specific responses. The need for dialogue in them does not mean that they can be compared to political crises or social protests. The latter should not, under any circumstances, be criminalized. The changing characteristics of armed conflicts and new challenges such as the impact of climate change, trade confrontations, urban conflicts or migration will test the capacity of mediators.
